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1 φρίσσω
Aφρίξω Gal.13.365
: [tense] aor.ἔφριξα Il.13.339
, etc.: [tense] pf.πέφρῑκα 11.383
, etc.; poet. part.πεφρίκοντες Pi.P.4.183
: [tense] plpf.ἐπεφρίκει Plu.2.781e
, Alciphr.1.1:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐφριξάμην f.l. in Polyaen.4.6.7. [[pron. full] ῑ by nature, hence to be accented φρῖσσον in Hes.Sc. 171, (lyr.)]:— to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (sc. σταχύεσσι) Il.23.599;φρίξας κάρπιμος στάχυς E.Supp.31
; of a line of battle,ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν Il.13.339
; , cf. 7.62; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, S.Fr. 341; of a tree,φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις Pl.Eleg.25
;φιάλα χρυσῷ πεφρικυῖα Pi.I.6(5).40
; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, A.Supp. 608; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ' ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] Hes.Op. 540, cf. Arist.HA 560b8, Pr. 888a38;ἔφριξαν ἔθειραι Theoc. 25.244
; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opp. κεκλιμένα, Thphr.HP3.9.4: c.acc. of respect, φρίξας εὖ λοφιήν having set up his bristly mane, Od.19.446;φ. τρίχας Hes.Sc. 391
; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, Il.13.473, Hes.Sc. 171; (lyr.); also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, Pi.P.4.183; .2 ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, dub.l. in Pi.N.10.74.3 of the rippling surface of smooth water (cf.φρίξ 1
),φ. θάλασσαι.. πνοιῇσι D.P.112
, cf. Alciphr.1.1; of breakers,ῥηγμῖνες φ. A.R.4.1575
, cf. Ael.NA7.33; also of rain,φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι Pi.P.4.81
, expld. by Sch. as φρίσσειν ποιοῦντες, cf.ὁπόταν.. φρίσσων Βορέας ἐπισπέρχῃ Id.Parth.2.18
.II freq. of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder:1 of the effect of cold, shiver, Hes.Op. 512, Hp.Aff. 11, Arist.Pr. 963a33, 965a33; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, Gal.10.803; of the teeth, chatter, D.H.Rh.10.9.2 of the effect of fear, shudder, S.El. 1408 (lyr.), Tr. 1044;πέφρικ' ἐγὼ μέν, αὖός εἰμι τῷ δέει Men.Epit. 480
;φ. γαῖα πόντος τε h.Hom.27.8
; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν.. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, A.Th. 490; οὐ φρίττουσιν (sc. animals)ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι Phld.D.1.12
: c. acc., shudder at one,οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι Il.11.383
;πάντες δέ με πεφρίκασιν 24.775
, cf. Pi.O.7.38, S.Ant. 997, Ar.Nu. 1133;τῶν δημοτέων φ. τὸν ἥκιστον Herod.2.30
; ;πεφρικέναι τὸν θάνατον Phld.Mort. 39
;φρίττουσι τὴν σύντροφόν τε καὶ φίλην οἱ ἰχθύες θάλατταν Ael.NA9.57
: c. acc. et inf., πέφρικα.. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing.., A.Th. 720 (lyr.) (but not c. dat., for ἐρετμοῖσι φρίξουσι they shall shudder at the oars is f.l. for φρύξουσι in Orac. ap. Hdt.8.96): c. part., πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, A.Supp. 346;φ. σε δερκομένα Id.Pr. 540
(lyr.), cf. 695 (lyr.): c. inf., fear to do, D.21.135: c. Prep.,φ. πρὸς τοὺς πόνους Plu.2.8f
;φ. πρὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῆς Ῥωμαίων τέχνης Lib.Or.24.16
;φ. ὑπὲρ ὧν προσήκει παθεῖν D.51.9
.3 feel a holy thrill or awe at,ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν Plu.2.26b
;τοὺς θεοὺς πέφρικα Jul.Or.7.212b
, al. -
2 κρύσταλλος
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: κρυστάλλιον `id.' ( PHolm.), also plant-name = ψύλλιον (Dsc.; because of the cooling effect, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 83); κρυστάλλ-ινος `icy-cold' (Hp.), `of rock-crystall' (D. C.), - ώδης `icy, crystalclear' (Ptol., PHolm.); κρυσταλλ-όομαι `freeze' (Ph.), - ίζω `glow like crystal' (Apoc.); further κρυσταίνομαι `freeze' (Nic. Al. 314), prob. free analogical formation to κρύσταλλος after other cases of the interchange ν: λ (diff. Schwyzer 706; ?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The word is sonnected (Chantraine Formation 247, Schwyzer 484) with Lat. crusta `bark, crust'. However, this is wrong as the Latin word has a quite different meaning: `the hard surface of a body, the rind, shell, crust, bark' which protects it' (Lewis and Short); so it has nothing to do with cold; it is used of flumen, indicating a covering or crust of ice, but this is an incidental use, a metaphor, not the central aspect of the meaning. The word, then, has nothing to do with words for `cold, ice'. (Its etymology with κρύος must therefore be given up; there is no other proposal.) - As Kuiper FS Kretschmer 1, 215 n. 16 remarked the word is Pre-Greek because of the suffix - αλλο- (all Greek words in - αλλο- are of Pre-Greek origin; there are no Greek words of IE origin with this suffix; it is not - αλ- with expressively geminated λ (as Chantraine often says) and not from κρύ-ος as then the formation cannot be explained. This is confirmed by the variant κρόστ-. The word means `ice' and was also used for rock-crystal, probably because this looks like (a piece of) ice, as it is transparant (in antiquity this was very remarkable). Pliny (37, 23) still thinks it is ice. We now know that rock-crystal is a mineral; it is quartz, a silicate (SiO₂). The semi-precious amethyst and agate are varieties. S. Beekes, FS Kortlandt.See also: s. κρύοςGreek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρύσταλλος
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3 ἐπιφάνεια
ἐπιφάνεια, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Pre-Socr.; Polyb. et al.; ins, pap (s. under 2), LXX, ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 7 Tdf.; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., Just.) gener. ‘appearing, appearance’, esp. also the splendid appearance, e.g., of the wealthy city of Babylon (Diod S 2, 11, 3). As a t.t. relating to transcendence it refers to a visible and freq. sudden manifestation of a hidden divinity, either in the form of a personal appearance, or by some deed of power or oracular communication by which its presence is made known (OGI 233, 35f [III/II B.C.] Artemis; Dionys. Hal. 2, 68; Diod S 1, 25, 3 and 4; 2, 47, 7 [the appearance of Apollo]; in 5, 49, 5 τῶν θεῶν ἐπιφάνεια to help humans; Plut., Them. 127 [30, 3]; Ael. Aristid. 48, 45 K.=24 p. 477 D.; Polyaenus 2, 31, 4 Διοσκούρων ἐ.; oft. ins, and in LXX esp. 2 and 3 Macc.; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 3 [p. 136, 25 Holladay]; EpArist 264; Jos., Ant. 1, 255; 2, 339; 3, 310; 9, 60; 18, 75; 286. For material and lit. s. FPfister, Epiphanie: Pauly-W. Suppl. IV 1924, 277–323; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on 2 Ti 1:10; OCasel, D. Epiphanie im Lichte d. Religionsgesch.: Benedikt. Monatsschr. 4, 1922, 13ff; RHerzog, Die Wunderheilungen v. Epidauros ’31, 49; BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 171f; CWestermann, Das Loben Gottes in den Psalmen ’54, 70; ESchnutenhaus, Das Kommen u. Erscheinen Gottes im AT: ZAW 76, ’64, 1–21; EPax, Ἐπιφάνεια ’55; DLührmann, KKuhn Festschr., ’71; RAC V, 832–909). In our lit., except for Papias, only of Christ’s appearing on earth.① act of appearing, appearance in our lit. that of Jesus, of hisⓐ first appearance on earth 2 Ti 1:10 (Just., A I, 14, 3 al.; Diod S 3, 62, 10 the mythographers speak of two appearances of Dionysus: δευτέραν ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ θεοῦ παρʼ ἀνθρώποις).—ALaw, Manifest in Flesh ’96.ⓑ appearance in judgment 1 Ti 6:14; 2 Ti 4:1, 8. ἐ. τ. δόξης Tit 2:13 (for this combination cp. OGI 763, 19f; Epict. 3, 22, 29). ἐ. τῆς παρουσίας 2 Th 2:8 the appearance of his coming; the combination is not overly redundant, for ἐ. refers to the salvation that goes into effect when the π. takes place. ἡμέρα τῆς ἐ. the day of the appearing 2 Cl 12:1; 17:4.② that which can ordinarily be seen, surface appearance (Democr., Aristot. et al.) τοσοῦτον βάθος εἶχον ἀπὸ τῆς ἔξωθεν ἐπιφανείας the eyes (of Judas) lay so deep behind (the swollen) facial skin Papias (3:2). For the use of ἐ. in description of symptoms s. EGoodspeed, A Medical Papyrus Fragment: AJP 24, 1903, 328 ln. 5; cp. Gal. 16, 530.—DELG s.v. φαίνω. New Docs 4, 80f. M-M. TW. Spicq.
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